"This is Not Dixie:"
The Imagined South, the Kansas Free State Narrative,
and the Rhetoric of Racial Violence
Brent M. S. Campney, Emory University
cite this page | printable version


Essay Sections:
Introduction | Racist Violence | Resistance to Racist Violence | Dissenting Views |
The Trajectory of the Free State Narrative | Conclusions | Notes | Recommended Resources

Recommended Resources:

Map


Kansas Newspapers
Atchison Daily Champion

Atchison Daily Globe

Belle Plaine News

Daily Walnut Valley Times (El Dorado)

Emporia Times and Emporia Republican

Eskridge Star

Fort Scott Daily Monitor

Fort Scott Herald

Junction City Tribune

Junction City Union

Kansas Daily Tribune (Lawrence)

Lawrence Daily Journal

Leavenworth Daily Times

Leavenworth Times

Olathe Mirror

Plaindealer (Topeka)

Pratt Republican

Semi-Weekly Gazette (Hutchinson)

Topeka Daily Capital

Topeka State Journal

Wellington Journal

Wichita Daily Eagle

Wyandotte Gazette

Wyandotte Daily Gazette

Print Materials
Athearn, Robert G. In Search of Canaan: Black Migration to Kansas, 1879-80. Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1978.

Bader, Robert Smith. Hayseeds, Moralizers, and Methodists: The Twentieth-Century Image of Kansas. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988.

Berwanger, Eugene H. The Frontier Against Slavery: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Slavery Extension Controversy. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1967.

Campney, Brent MacDonald Stevenson "'And This in Free Kansas': Racist Violence, Black and White Resistance, Geographical Particularity, and the 'Free State' Narrative in Kansas, 1865-1914.” Ph.D. diss., Emory University, 2007.

Cayton, Andrew R. L. and Susan E. Gray, eds. The American Midwest: Essays on Regional History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.

Cecil-Fronsman, Bill. "'Advocate the Freedom of White Men, As Well As That of Negroes': The Kansas Free State and Antislavery Westerners in Territorial Kansas." Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 20 (Summer 1997): 102-115.

Cronon, William. Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991.

Davis, Kenneth S. Kansas: A Bicentennial History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1976.

Doyle, Don Harrison. The Social Order of a Frontier Community: Jacksonville, Illinois, 1825- 1870. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978.

Etcheson, Nicole. Bleeding Kansas: Contested Liberty in the Civil War Era. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004.

Foner, Eric. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970.

Foner, Eric. The New American History. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987.

Gilje, Paul A. Rioting in America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.

Goldberg, Michael Lewis. An Army of Women: Gender and Politics in Gilded Age Kansas. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.

Susan E. Gray. The Yankee West: Community Life on the Michigan Frontier. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

Kantrowitz, Stephen. Ben Tillman and the Reconstruction of White Supremacy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

Leiker, James N. "Race Relations in the Sunflower State.” Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 25 (Autumn 2002): 214-236.

Limerick, Patricia Nelson. The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1987.

Loewen, James W. Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism. New York: The New Press, 2005.

Madison, James H. A Lynching in the Heartland: Race and Memory in America. New York: Palgrave, 2001.

Massey, Doreen. Space, Place, and Gender. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.

McPherson, Tara. Reconstructing Dixie: Race, Gender, and Nostalgia in the Imagined South. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003.

Miner, Craig. Kansas: The History of the Sunflower State, 1854-2000. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002.

Napier, Rita, ed. Kansas and the West: New Perspectives. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003.

Painter, Nell Irvin. Exodusters: Black Migration to Kansas after Reconstruction. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1976.

Royster, Jacqueline Jones, ed. Southern Horrors and Other Writings: The Anti-Lynching Campaign of Ida B. Wells, 1892-1900. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997.

SenGupta, Gunja. "Bleeding Kansas.” Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 24 (Winter 2001): 318-341.

Shortridge, James R. The Middle West: Its Meaning in American Culture. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1989.

Shortridge, James R. Peopling the Plains: Who Settled Where in Frontier Kansas. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995.

Waldrep, Christopher. The Many Faces of Judge Lynch: Extralegal Violence and Punishment in America. New York: Palgrave, 2002.

Zelinsky, Wilbur. "Review of The Middle West: Its Meaning in American Culture by James R. Shortridge." Geographical Review 80 (July 1990): 323-325.


Essay Sections:
Introduction | Racist Violence | Resistance to Racist Violence | Dissenting Views |
The Trajectory of the Free State Narrative | Conclusions | Notes | Recommended Resources

Published: 6 September 2007

© Brent M. S. Campney and Southern Spaces